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ïµevi mKvj| Ggbw`‡bi
mKvjwU mvaviYZ Kv‡U Avj‡mwg‡Z| wKš‘ w`bwU we‡kl w`b e‡j AvR‡Ki mKvj Abvb¨ ïµev‡ii
g‡Zv bq| Aš—Z Avgvi Kv‡Q| ZvB Awdmw`‡bi g‡ZvB Avwg Nyg †_‡K D‡VwQ| wKš‘ nvq!
mvZUvi mKv‡ji †hgb Av‡jv Sjgj nevi K_v G †Zv †ZgbwU bq! Rvbvjvq DwKu w`jvg| AvKv‡ki
†Mvgov gyL †`‡L Avgvi gyLI eywS welYœ nj| fo‡K bv wM‡q gb‡K mvnm w`jvg - ÔAvR S‡oi
cÖv‡Z n‡e Avgvi AwfmviÕ| wUwf Ab K‡i Zviv wgDwRK-G ‡_‡g Avivabv ce©wU mvijvg
h_vixwZ iweVvKz‡ii mv‡_| wkwí MvBwQ‡jb, Ô‡Zvgvi Kv‡Q G ei gvwM, giY †_‡K †hb
RvwM|Õ wb‡R‡K g„Zer g‡b nj, g‡b nj AÁvbZvi Ki‡e ï‡q AvwQ Avwg wK¤^v Avgiv A‡b‡K|
Zvn‡j Ck¦i wK AvR Avgvq bZzb Rxeb w`‡Z Pvb? RxqbKvwVi g‡Zv Áv‡bi Av‡jv wK Avgvi
g„Z-cÖvY‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e AvR? ü`‡q Avm‡e bZzb wKQy fvebv, wKQy Abyf~wZ?
mwZ¨B Avwg AvR G g„Z‡`‡n cÖvY Av‡ivc Ki‡Z PvBwQ| GKv GKv AvZœ-gMœ Rxeb †Zv g„Z
Rxe‡biB bvgvš—i| Ggb Rxe‡b eZ©gvb g„Z, g„Z Zvi fwel¨ZI| †`wi bv K‡i ¯^vgx,
†Q‡j‡K †W‡K Zzjjvg| bv¯—v †m‡i I‡`i wb‡q QyUjvg igbv eUg~‡ji w`‡K - cÖv‡Yi mÜv‡b|
†mB me cÖv‡Yi Lye Kv‡Q hviv cÖwZwbqZ Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvYmÂvi K‡i P‡j‡Q bxi‡e, Aj‡¶¨
AwePj wbôvq| †`ix K‡i †djjvg ‡f‡e `yi“`yi“ ey‡K eUg~j Ry‡o Ro nIqv wKQy gvby‡li
KvQvKvwQ hLb †cŠuQvjvg, ¯^w¯— ‡cjvg - bvn&, Abyôvb ïi“ n‡Z GLbI evKx| e„wói Kvi‡Y
ga¨gwY cÖYg¨ gvbylwUiI †cŠuQv‡Z Avgv‡`i g‡Zv wKQyUv †`ix n‡qwQj|
w`bwU wQj 16 †m‡Þ¤^i| ÔZi“cjeÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K Dw™¢`‡cÖgx †gvKvig †nv‡m‡bi
Avgš¿‡Y Zv‡`i beg ÔMvQ †`Lv, MvQ †PbvÕ Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡Z Avgiv mcwiev‡i igbvcv‡K©
wM‡qwQjvg| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zi“cje-Gi cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ e„¶‡cÖgx w؇Rb kg©v P‡j G‡m‡Qb| e„wó‡Z
wf‡R wf‡RB mvaviY m¤úv`K AvMZ cÂvk-lvURb gvby‡li D‡Ï‡k ¯^vMZ e³e¨ iv‡Lb| w؇Rb
kg©v Rvbv‡jb igbv cvK© M‡o IVvi BwZnvm| cÖ_‡g XvKvi g¨vwR‡÷ªU Pvj©m Wm XvKv
KvivMv‡ii K‡qw`‡`i w`‡q eZ©gvb igbv cvK© GjvKvi eb-R½j mvd Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z
1908 mv‡j GB ebwe_x ˆZwii cwiKíbv Kiv nq, hv K‡iwQ‡jb GKRb Bs‡iR| Zvi bvg wQj
ievU©m jyB cÖvDWjK| †`kx we‡`kx dyj-dj MvQ w`‡q G evMvb mvRv‡Z Avš—wiK f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb
A‡bK wLª÷vb wgkbvix|
MvQ †Pbvi Av‡qvR‡b †ek K‡qKRb wkïI G‡m‡Q evev-gv‡qi nvZ a‡i| ïi“‡ZB Av‡iKevi
Rvbjvg, †h MvQ-Zjv‡K igbv eUg~j e‡j mevB Rv‡b Av`‡Z IwU †gv‡UI eUMvQ bq, IUv
Ak¦_e„¶| gvbyl I‡K fyj bv‡gB Wv‡K| Ggb GKUv fyj ‡bg‡cU wb‡q igbv cv‡K©i g‡a¨ `uvwo‡q
Av‡Q ÔiveviÕ MvQ, Avm‡j IUv ivevi MvQ bq, ivevieU MvQ| ‡h MvQ †_‡K ivevi nq †m
MvQ wfbœ Rv‡Zi| eqm‡K †Zvqv°v bv K‡iB w؇Rb kg©v Avgv‡`i†K wb‡q †nu‡U Pj‡jb
wewfbœ& MvQ †Pbv‡Z| MvQ †Pbv‡Z ïay w؇Rb kg©vB bb Av‡iv weÁR‡biv G‡mwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ wQ‡jb wbmM©‡cÖgx wecÖ`vm eo–qv, cvwL wekvi` kixd Lvb, ¯^bvgab¨ †jLK,
bvU¨Kvi Avjx Bgvgmn Av‡iv bvgx`vgx e¨w³|
wecÖ`vk eo–qv ‡Pbv‡jb KbKP~ov MvQ, Rvbv‡jb K„òP~ov I ivavP~ovi cv_©K¨| KuvPv‡mvbv
i‡Oi dzj a‡i e‡jB w؇Rb kg©v MvQwUi bvg †i‡L‡Qb ÔKbKP~ovÕ| XvKv kn‡ii iv¯—vi
AvBj¨vÛ Avi wWfvBWv‡ii g‡a¨ jvj, njy` Avi Kgjv dzj dz‡U _vKv †QvU AvKv‡ii K…òP~ovi
g‡Zv †`L‡Z MvQ¸wjB Avm‡j ivavP~ov|
Avgiv G‡m `uvovjvg gvSvix AvKv‡ii GKwU Mv‡Qi bx‡P| MvQwUi cvZv¸wj †`L‡Z †ek| A‡bKUv
ü`q AvK…wZi| wkiv¸wj †hb cvZvq Qwe Gu‡K‡Q| Rvbjvg G MvQwU djmv| Gi dj GKmgq Mªvg
M‡Äi †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv Lye †LZ| Z‡e djmv MvQ GLb Avi †Zgb †`Lv hvq bv| wecÖ`vm eo–qv
k¼v cÖKvk K‡i ej‡jb †h, G MvQ¸wj nvwi‡q ‡h‡Z e‡m‡Q, GLbI mZ©K bv n‡j Ggb me Mv‡Qi
†`Lv fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡`i mš—v‡biv ïay kirP›`ª, wef~wZf~l‡Yi eB‡q cv‡e; ev¯—‡e bq|
wZwb Avgv‡`i †`Lv‡jb A‡kvK MvQ| G GgbB GK MvQ hvi †Kvb †kvK †bB| Mv‡Qi †Mvov
†_‡K ïi“ K‡i gv_v ch©š— me RvqMvi Wv‡jB iwOb dzj †dv‡U| dz‡ji Ggb i‡Oi eb¨v Avi
cÖvPzh© †`‡LB g‡b nq Gi bvg n‡q‡Q A‡kvK| A‡kv‡Ki m‡MvÎxq Av‡iv `ywU MvQ Av‡Q -
ivR A‡kvK I ¯^Y© A‡kvK| mvg‡bi w`‡K A½ywj wb‡`©k K‡i wZwb †`Lv‡jb †Mvj K‡i
wm‡g‡›U evav‡bv `ywU emvi RvqMv| bv †R‡b Mv‡Qi †Mvov evav‡bvi d‡j AvR †mLv‡b ïay
wm‡g‡›Ui †ewÂB Av‡Q wKš‘ Zvi gv‡Si MvQ¸wj ‡eu‡P ‡bB| eo eo `ywU A‡kvK MvQ wQj †mLv‡b|
wkKo †K‡U †djvq MvQ¸wj AKv‡j cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Q| gvby‡li AÁZvq MvQ `ywU gviv †M‡Q|
Zvi K_vq Kvbœ&&vi Avfvl †cjvg †hb| ¶zä K‡Ú wZwb ej‡jb, Ôigbv cvK© g~jZ Mv‡Q‡`i
Avevm, G me Mv‡QivB GLv‡bi cÖK…Z gvwjK| Avgiv gvby‡liv eis GLv‡b ewnivMZ| ZvB
gvby‡li nuvUvi, wekªv‡gi K_v bv †f‡e Mv‡Qiv GLv‡b wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv wK K‡i fv‡jv _vK‡Z
cv‡i †mUvB fvev‡Z n‡e mevi Av‡M| †h gvbyl cv‡q gvwU bv jvwM‡q MvQ †`L‡Z Pvb wZwb
wUwf‡Z, Qwe‡Z MvQ †`Lyb| Zvi cv‡K© Avmvi cª‡qvRb †bB| A_P Zvi nuvUvi R‡b¨ c_
evwa‡q w`‡Z wM‡q KZ KZ weij MvQ Avgiv wbwPý K‡i †djwQ| ¶wZ KiwQ Avgv‡`i cig eÜz‡`i,
†h ¶wZi cwigvY ïay UvKvq wbiƒcb Kiv Am¤¢e|Õ
Ggwb K‡i wKQyUv mgq ¸bxRb‡`i mvwbœ‡a¨ †_‡K Avgiv bZzb bZzb K‡Ëv K‡Ëv MvQ wPbjvg
hvi bvgI †Kvbw`b ïwbwb| ‡Q‡j Aš^‡qi mv‡_ ¯§iY kw³i cix¶v Kwi - ¸¯—vfv, AvwdªKvb
wUDwjc, gvaex, iƒ‡cwjqv MvWv, weDgbwUqv MªvÛ‡d¬viv, MMY wkixl, †`kx Mve| Av‡iv
KZ wK|
kixd Lvb ej‡jb Avgiv †hb Avgv‡`i †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i gv‡S g‡a¨B MÖv‡g wb‡q hvB, cÖK…wZ
I cwi‡ek †PbvB| Zvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z †M‡j wZwb Avgv‡`i‡K †ek Avcb K‡i wb‡jb| ej‡jb
wKQy g~j¨evb K_v| Zvi gyL †_‡KB Rvbjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g wngvjq weRqx gymv
BeªnxgI ÔZi“cjeÕ-Gi mv‡_ RwoZ| Av‡iv Rbvjg †Kgb K‡i gymv kixd Lvb‡K a‡i †e‡a
Zvi MÖv‡gi evwo ev‡Minv‡U wM‡q nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb ïay gvÎ nvjwZ cvwLwU †`L‡Z| †Kgb
Kó ¯^xKvi K‡i, K‡ZvUv AvMÖn f‡i wZwb nvjwZi †`Lv †c‡qwQ‡jb, †`‡LwQ‡jb nvjwZi
evmv I wWg| mvivw`b Rvwb© K‡i ‡mLv‡b wM‡q ciw`b cvwL ‡`‡L we‡K‡jB kixd Lvb‡K mv‡_
K‡i XvKv wd‡iwQ‡jb gymv| kixd Lvb Avgv‡`i `yÕRb†K GKwU K_v e‡jwQ‡jb, Zv †hb ‡Kej
K_v bq, AvKzwZ fiv GKwU Abybq - Ô†Q‡j‡K cov-†jLv †kLv‡eb, we‡`‡k †eov‡Z †b‡eb
wKš‘ †`k‡K †Pbv‡Z Ae‡njv Ki‡eb bv, †f‡e †`Lyb gymv Beªvnx‡gi K_v! c„w_exi m‡Ÿ©v”P
wkLi ¯úk© K‡i‡Qb wZwb wVKB wKš‘ Zvi cvwU wKš‘ gvwU‡ZB ivLv Av‡Q|Õ mwZ¨B †Zv †h
Mv‡Qi †kKo hZ Mfx‡i †m MvQ ZZ‡ewk kw³kvjx, Z‡Zv †ewk DaŸ©gyLx, MMY¯úk©x|
†gvKvig †nv‡m‡bi KvQ †_‡K †R‡bwQ †h, igbv cv‡K© e¨vK exb bv‡g GKwU MvQ Av‡Q, †h
MvQ G †`‡ki Avi †Kv_vqI Av‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq bv| Rvbv †bB Av‡k cv‡ki †`‡k †m Mv‡Qi
wØZxqwU Avi Av‡Q wKbv| A_P Ggb `~j©f GKwU MvQ Avgiv wPwb bv, Avgiv Zv‡K hZœ Kwi
bv, †f‡e ‡`wLbv Gi ¸i“Z¡ K‡ZvUv! Av”Qv, e¨vKexb wK wbm½Zvq †fv‡M GKv e‡j? K‡ZvUv
Mfxi Zvi †m wbm½Zv‡eva?
Kwe wjwj nK Avgv‡`i mv‡_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z Avcb g‡b KweZv iPbv K‡i hvw”Q‡jb| †Kgb †hb
cvMjvgx g‡b nj| c‡i Avevi g‡b nj, †K Rv‡b nq‡Zv wZwb Avgv‡`i‡K bq, MvQ‡KB Zvi ¯^iwPZ
KweZv¸wj DrmM© Ki‡Qb! Gfv‡e ‡mw`‡bi g‡Zv MvQ ‡`Lv Avi †Pbvi ce© †kl n‡j Avgiv
N‡ii c_ aijvg| ZLbI Uzc-Uvc e„wó So‡Q| cvK© †_‡K hLb †ewi‡q AvmwQ ZLbI e„wó-mœvZ
ebvbxi wmœ» †kvfvq Awff~Z Avgvi gb wbtk‡ã h‡c hvw”Qj :
ÔZe cÖv‡Y cÖvYevb,
Ze †mœn”Qvqvq kxZj, Ze †Z‡R †ZRxqvb,
mw¾Z †Zvgvi gv‡j¨ †h gvbe, Zvwi `~Z n‡q,
I‡Mv gvb‡ei eÜz, AvR GB Kve¨-AN©¨ j‡q
k¨v‡gi euvwki Zv‡b gy» Kwe Avwg Awc©jvg †Zvgvq cÖYvgx|Õ
N‡i wd‡iI †`LwQ cÖK…wZ-mvwbœ‡a¨i fv‡jvjvMv Avgv‡K Quy‡q Av‡‡Q| cÖK…wZi mš—vb e‡jB
‡evanq Avgv‡`i GgbUv nq hw`I †ewkifvM mgqB Avgiv G K_vwU fy‡j _vwK| K_v cÖm‡½
wecÖ`vm eo–qv GKw`b e‡jwQ‡jb ÔAvgiv cÖK„wZi g‡a¨ evm Kwi A_P Av‡k cv‡ki A‡bK
wKQyB †Lqvj Kwi bv| bv gvbyl‡K, bv cï-cvwL, MvQ-cvjv ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖvwY†K|Õ nVvr
GKw`b Zvi bR‡i Gj †h, †gŠgvwQiv Zvi evmvi Kv‡Q Ggb GKwU PvK ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb hv Zvi †QvU‡ejv
†_‡K †`‡L Avmv †gŠPv‡Ki g‡Zv bq| †ek fv‡jv K‡i j¶ K‡i †`L‡jb ILv‡b †Kvb PvK ev †gŠgvwQi
evmv †bB eis ‡gŠgvwQ¸wj GKwUi Mv‡q Dci GKwU e‡m Av‡Q Avi K‡qK kZ wK¤^v K‡qK
nvRvi †gŠgvwQ wg‡j GKwU †gŠPv‡Ki g‡Zv AvK…wZ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| wZwb G `xN©Rxe‡bi cÖv‡š—
G‡m G Z_¨wU Avwe¯‹vi K‡i wew®§Z n‡jb †h, †gŠgvwQiv †gŠPvK ˆZwii Av‡M GK GK mgq
GgbB K‡i _v‡K| we®§q Zvi K‡Ú S‡o coj,ÔI‡`i m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i GL‡bv K‡Zv wKQy †h
Rvbvi Av‡Q!Õ ZvB †Zv †h ‡gŠgvwQ Avgv‡`i‡K gay w`‡q, civMvqY NwU‡q bvbv kl¨ I d‡ji
†hvMvb w`‡q Avgv‡`i‡K euwP‡q †i‡L‡Q Zv‡`i‡K Rvbv wbðqB Avgv‡`i `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨
c‡o| Av‡k cv‡ki cÖvwY, MvQ-cvjv mewKQy m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z n‡e Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
cÖ‡qvR‡b, wb‡R‡`i evwPu‡q ivLvi ZvwM‡`|
AvVvi kZ‡Ki †klfv‡M wkí wec‡ei ïi“ †_‡KB mviv we‡k¦ cwi‡ek fvebv‡K cvk KvwU‡q
A‡bK wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q, †hgbwU AvRI M‡o DV‡Q Avgv‡`i †`‡k| wbqg-bxwZwenxb cyiv‡bv
RvnvR-fvOv wkí M‡o Zz‡j, †`wk MvQ‡K Ae‡njv K‡i we‡`wk e„‡¶i †ivcY K‡i, †ekx jv‡fi
Avkvq †`wk RvZ ev` w`‡q nvBweªW dmj dwj‡q, kã `~lY, evqy `~lY K‡i, eR©¨
e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v bv K‡i Kj-KviLvbv, nvmcvZvj ¯’vcb K‡i cwi‡ek aŸsm KiwQ
Avgiv cÖwZwbqZ| cwi‡ek‡K bv †R‡b, cwi‡ek myi¶vi welqwU‡K gv_vq bv †i‡L GB †h
Avgv‡`i Dbœq‡bi c‡_ nuvUv Gi cwiYvg wKš‘ fv‡jv n‡e bv| cwi‡ek wech©‡qi welqwU‡K
we‡ePbv Ki‡j evsjv‡`k LyeB fq¼i mg‡qi w`‡KB GwM‡q hv‡”Q - G `ywðš—vq wbg¾gvb w؇Rb
kg©v| Zvi k¼vi K_v wZwb Avgvq ejwQ‡jb evi evi|
gvbyl g~jZt Avkvev`x | †m Kvi‡Y kZ k¼vi gv‡SI Avkvi welq nj Avgiv AvRKvj Ôcwi‡ekÕ
wb‡q †ek fvewQ| mevB‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z cÎ-cwÎKvq A‡bK †jLv n‡”Q| wUwf‡Z bvbv Abyôvb
cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q cwi‡ek wb‡q| NUv K‡i D`hvcb Kiv n‡”Q wek¦ cwi‡ek w`em, cvwb w`em,
Lv`¨ w`em BZ¨vw`| Dbœqb ms¯’v¸wj cwi‡ek welqwU wb‡q A‡bK ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Q| e„¶ †ivcb,
b`x euvPvI, evN euvPvI, eb euvPvI Av‡›`vjb, cwjw_b e¨vM wbwl×KiY, KxUbvkK e¨envi
wbqš¿Y, †gvevBj †dv‡bi †bUIqvK© I cwi‡ek `~lY, †cvlv‡K I Lv‡`¨ K…wÎg i‡Oi e¨envi
BZ¨vw` bvbv welq wb‡q KvR n‡”Q cwi‡ek‡K emevm D‡cv‡hvMx ivL‡Z| Zi“‡Yiv †R‡ji Rv‡j
aiv cov Kzgx‡ii ev”Pv wPwoqvLvbvq †cŠu‡Q w`‡q hv‡”Q, gvby‡li wnsmªZvi gyL †_‡K
mvc‡K euvwP‡q G‡b e‡b Aegy³ K‡i w`‡”Q - Ggb me NUbv Avgv‡`i ¯^cœ †`L‡Z DrmvwnZ
Ki‡Q| Zi“cje Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK ms¯’v, msMV‡bi g‡Zv A‡bK Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk Avgv‡`i
IqvBWvweDwmGÕI Ki‡Q cwi‡ek i¶vi KvR| nq‡Zv Zv Lye eo AvKv‡i bq ZeyI Gi mv‡_
hviv hy³ Zviv cwi‡ek welqK KvR¸wj Ki‡Qb wb‡R‡`i eZ©gvb‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Z Ges
AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i R‡b¨ GKwU evm‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek †i‡L hvIqvi `vq‡eva †_‡K|
ZvB ‡f‡e Avb›` n‡”Q †h, Avgiv G wek¦, G †`‡ki cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© fve‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ|
Ab¨vb¨ gvbyl‡KI fve‡Z AbycÖvwYZ KiwQ| A_©vr Avgiv giY †_‡K †R‡M DVwQ - m„wóKZ©vi
ei ‡c‡q mRxeZvi c‡_ GwM‡q P‡jwQ| Avgv‡`i Mš—e¨ mey‡R Av”Qvw`Z GK my›`i kvwš—gq
c„w_ex|
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