|
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kvgxg AvRv`
cÖ”Q` : cxhyl `wngk`vi
AvMvgx cÖKvkbx
XvKv, 2008
100 UvKv
K.
ÕGB RM‡Zi †h †Kvb e¯‘B K…òMnŸi n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡i| Avevi GB gnvRMrUvB K…òMnŸ‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i
Aew¯’Z|Õ w÷‡db nwKs-Gi G K_vq KweZvi Av‡jvPbv
ïi“ Kiv hvK| `„k¨Zt K…òMnŸ‡ii wfZi e‡mB
Avgiv wbqZ LuyRwQ `~‡ii K„òMnŸ‡ii Bw½Z|
†hLv‡b k~b¨ZvI G‡K Ac‡ii KvQ †_‡K `~‡i
m‡i hv‡”Q| RM‡Zi MwZ kw³ hZB gš’i n‡q
Av‡m ZZB fvix nq k~b¨Zv| Z‡e AbymÜv‡b
k~b¨Zv-Svgi-¯’vb wbg©vb K‡i A_©‡`¨vZbv|
ev‡R k¼-wbbv`| k~b¨Zvi Av‡qvR‡b †R‡M I‡V
†gvnb mgq; mgZvq| K…ò-†gvnb wKsev MÖnY
Kv‡ji GKRb Kwe hLb e‡jb-
ÕAvi GLb Do‡Q †Kej evwjnuvm, cvwZnuvm
i‡Ü« i‡Ü« mRviæi †gvnb KuvUv
R¡‡j wPË R¡‡j ivM
R¡‡j myMÜ eivZ
AsMvi †f‡O X‡j c‡o‡Q ¸j¥ wbh©vm|Õ(bIeZ/kvgxg
AvRv`)
Avevi c‡o wbB-
Õc~Y© Av‡c‡ji MÖv‡g Szwj‡ZwQ
cÖgË wSby‡K Rj KvwU‡ZwQ
kÕ‡q kÕ‡q cv_i M‡j
n‡q †M‡Q †cŠivwbK gvbe
†mB †_‡K
e‡m AvwQ †g‡Ni Ici
†`nMZ by‡b Avi cwji dv¸‡b!Õ(wRqj RLg/wPý/kvgxg
AvRv`)
ÕwRqj RLgÕ-Gi Kwe kvgxg AvRv`| Q‡Î Q‡Î
Qwo‡q‡Qb wbKU Ges `~iMvgx m~h©v‡¯—i Zxeª
A_P wqòz †iLv, cÖhZœ mg‡qi cÖwZfvl, L‡Êi
mv‡_ AL‡Êi Ges cÖKíZvq Av‡jv-AÜKv‡i Gu‡K‡Qb
wecixZ-†R¨vwZg©q †Kvivm|
GLb KweZvi cvuRi Ly‡j †`Lvi mgq| Ab¨Rb
wK iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †m Zzjbvq bv wM‡q eis
Kwe Ges Zuvi KweZvi †cvóg‡W©g nIqvB
Riæix g‡b Kwi| ‡Kbbv GLb weÁvb- KweZv-`k©‡bi
m¤úK© ci¯úijMœ| Kwei wPš—v-`k©b wePv‡i
weÁvb cixvMvi n‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvq wePvh©¨
Kwe Ges KweZv| hw`I GKRb Kwe `vk©wbK bb,
Zuvi cwiPq ÕKweÕ| KweZvi ÕimÕ wPwýZ Ki‡b
weÁvb Ges `k©‡bvcbxZ nIqv `iKvi e‡j Avwg
fve‡Z PvB
L.
MÖ‡š’i wÎk c„ôvi ÕQvqv¸”QÕ Avjv`v Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z PvB| ¸”Q ci¤úivq †cÖgcÖeZ©bv Ges
mgq wbcvZ‡b wm× n‡q wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q KweZv|
cÖvq me KÕwU †Z R¡Õ‡j D‡V‡Q mybxj-iwOb
KvZiZv |
ÕAwP‡iB n‡ev gxb
Nygv‡ev R‡ji bMi
wcV fiv Pzj Ly‡j
iOaby Auvk †g‡j
R‡ji Zcm¨v Kjie|
DVvb wcwo‡Z `uvov‡e
G‡mv c~wY©gv wK‡kvi|Õ(wRqj RLg/Qvqv¸”Q-3)
¯§„wZ DM‡i †`evi cÖebZv KweZvi g¾vq wPi
aivq| †f‡O †d‡j hveZxq KiY-†KŠkj| KweZvi
RvZ kÎæ e‡j AvaywbK KweZvq ¯§„wZ-ågb-e„ËvšÍ
AZ¨ví| A_P Kwe †m c_ c` wPý nxb iv‡Lb wb|
Õgvbyl P‡j †M‡j
cvjK †d‡j hvq
ÁvwZ wPý Lyu‡o Lyu‡o
cik eyjvq|( wRqj RLg/Qvqv¸”Q-4)
A_ev Qvqv¸‡”Qi evB‡i †_‡K hw` cwo-
wefvi Qzwi‡Z kv‡b ˆkke
Rxeb, Rvgvjcyi
ZzjU KvMR ¯^v`
Avi cÖ_g gwZP‚i....Õ(wRqj RLg/†mvbvi †mwgR)
Kwe GLv‡b b„ZvwË¡K| g„wËKvi mš—v‡biv µg-weeZ©‡b
wb‡Ri Ae¯’v‡b ¯§„wZ wPý Luy‡o Gfv‡e `uvovq|
¯§„wZ-ewY©Z G K¨vbfvm Kve¨-b›`b ewR©Z bq|
AvcvZ ms‡KZ †_‡K Kwe wb‡R‡K †hvM¨ K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb
GLv‡b|
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Avgvi, K‡evò gw›`iv
†Quvqv †c‡j kvwbZ n‡ev
Kj¼ AwfavÕ(wRqj RLg/ Qvqv¸”Q-14)
Qvqv¸‡”Qi i‡³ Db¥Ë-mÂvix ‡cÖgbv` Gfv‡e
MxZjZvq AwfwlZ n‡jv| Kj¼ Awfav †R‡bI
Rvbv‡jv wb‡Ri gb¯Ívc| Kwe ‡K Av‡iv cwo
Gfv‡e-Õ Kvš— wcc‡oiv wK iwZwµqv K‡i/GK
Rb‡g Iôvai KZ RLg a‡i? A_ev, Õ Av‡av ivZ
m‡i †M‡j/†Luv‡Rv Kvi jwZKvq `~j?Õ Qvqv¸‡”Qi
kix‡i weivwRZ q, g„Zz¨, †cÖg Ges
cÖvwß-AcÖvwßi myi|
M.
Kwe kvgxg AvRv` KweZvq Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb
`„wó mxgvi evB‡i AmxgZvq| e„‡Ë AvewZ©Z
N~Y©vqb †K›`ª †_‡K wbiæ‡Ïk g~Lx wb‡R‡K
wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| cÖ_‡g Ae¯’vb cÖkœ †evaK
n‡jI-
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†Kv_vq MÖw_Z n‡ev
evZv‡m bv b‡`
bv †PŠlwÆ Pvi“Kjv `‡j
Rwjòz Rvgvjcy‡i.....(wRqj RLg/wRqj RLg)
wVK wKQz Kvj c‡i Kwe †R‡b hvb †Kvb wbi“‡Ï‡k
†g‡j‡Qb ‡cLg-
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Avwg ga¨gv
Avwg GšÍvi M½v wmÜz
ZzB bg©`v weï× i³KYv
†KD wK †R‡b‡Q GB AZ¨vðh© Lei
GB Am¤¢e!Õ
Amx‡gi c`wPý Gu‡K w`‡q, Rvwb‡q †`b wb‡Ri
c~e©Zb Ae¯’vb Gfv‡e-
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GK`j †eûk KweZv
†Mvjvcx eKzj K_KZv|Õ ( wRqj RLg/Ae¯’vb)
ÕAvwg mg‡MÖi Ask bB, mg‡MÖi m‡½ mw¤§wjZ
bB, mg‡MÖi g‡a¨ M„nxZ bB|Õ ¯‹¨vwÛ‡bwfqvb
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f‚wg‡Z| †mB f‚wg wPšÍvi Kwe kvgxg AvRv`
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GKRb KweÕi Rb¨ mgq LwÛZ Kiv Ri“ix e‡j
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Kiv| G cÖwµqvq Kve¨wPÎK gbb DrmvwiZ †h
fvwlK Rwgb ˆZix K‡ib Zv n‡q I‡V Kwemg‡qi
we¯ÍvwiZ Bjv‡÷ªkb| Kwe hLb e‡jb-
Õc~wY©gvi evMvb Lyu‡o Zz‡j †b‡ev gy‡Vv
cvc...
cv_i eM‡j Muv_v `yB nvZ
nvq! GB wb`qv Pzi †Nvov
Zey Zz‡j wb‡Z Pvq Nbe×
KwjRvi †_vo|
gvwL‡ev mviv A‡½ Avwg
Kzdvi Kvdb
†Zvgv‡i åg‡b †b‡ev
†Kvb GK Aea¨ bMi|Õ(wRqj RLg/AvKv•Lv)
Gfv‡e AvR‡Ki c„w_ex, bvMwiKZv, mgq Ges
e¨w³ `n‡bi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Kwe wg‡kj dz‡Kvi
cvMjv Mvi‡`i gZ wN‡i iv‡Lb cvVK‡K| ÕwRqj
RLgÕ- Gi cy‡iv kix‡i †Qvc †Qvc i‡³i Qvc|
gvwUi Dc‡i mPj †h wµqv; Zvi Avg~‡j wbqZ
we‡a hvIqv Zx‡ii djv, hv wKbv Zxeª AvKv•Lvq
Kzwo‡q †bqv| AbeiZ L‡m L‡m k~‡b¨ wg‡k
†h‡Z a¨vb¯Í Kwe †K Av‡iKevi c‡o wbB-
Õnvo I KwjRv †Piv
DËixq DRvb
KL‡bv wbB bv Zvi bvg
Zey, K›UK gw›`iv ev‡R
g„Zz¨ mgvb|Õ(wRqj RLg/¯’cwZi ¯‘wZ)
Õg„Z †Nvov Avi giæi cÖjq ey‡K QzwU‡ZwQ
†Kv_vq jyKvB nvq
†`‡ni AwaK G e¨vcK cÖYq...Õ(A‡š¦lv)
Õ†h Avgv‡i GL‡bv
†`‡Lv el©vi dj
-----------------
g‡b Kiv‡Z cvwi
†Zvgv‡KI PzovšÍ AvKvj
Zvnv‡i wK K‡i
evMv‡b cÖZtivk †m‡i
Zxeª wØcÖn‡ii †VuvU w`‡q †P‡ov!Õ(Awek¦vm)
ÕcÖwZ †ivgK‚‡c civwRZ So
cuvR‡ii cÖwZ †gvo
Rv‡b wK G †`n
†`ªvn I `vn mnevmx
-------------------
DËvj Kvj
†Kb dwj‡e bv
G wew`Y© k‡ei Mfx‡i!Õ(G‡Kk¦ix)
G KweZv¸‡jvi mv‡_ cÖvq mgvšÍivj c‡o †bqv
hvq Õ†_ivwcDwUKÕ, ÕP›`ªfvl¨Õ, ÕnZvkvÕ,
ÕPjvPjÕ, ÕcÖevnÕ ÕLy‡`i bMiÕ, ÕjwÛwbqvgÕ,
Õw`KåvwšÍÕ ÕbvBÕ, Ges Õ‡cvKv I cv‡LvqvRÕ
I Ab¨vb¨| Kwe e¨`bv-im wgwkªZ †PvL ‡d‡j‡Qb
cÖwZfvl c„w_ex‡Z| Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb K„òMnŸi
Af¨šÍ‡i k~b¨ AÜKvi, RM‡Zi eûgvwÎK Q›`-iƒc|
Kwe Gme AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb LÛ LÛ mg‡qi g‡a¨|
ZvB KweZv¸‡jv AvaywbKvwšÍKZviB †Pv‡L n‡q
D‡V‡Q bvbv fv‡e A_©en| Avwg Zuvi Abyi³
cvVK wn‡m‡e ej‡Z cvwi, ïa~ fvlvi AvaywbK‡Z¡i
Kvi‡Y bq, eis `k©b, wPšÍv Ges KweZvi
mw¤§wjZ m½x‡Z KweZv¸‡jv cvV‡Ki m‡½ `xN©
mnev‡mi `vex iv‡L|
O.
Av‡eM KweZvi cÖvPxbZg mnhvÎx| djZt Av‡eM
KweZvi cÖavbZg imvqb| ˆeÁvwbK Avwe®‹v‡i
im` wgkªb ΓwU NU‡jB m„w÷ e¨nZ nq|
KweZvim`-Gi †‡ÎI GKB wbqg e‡j g‡b Kwi|
wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ A‡bK KweZv GB wgkªb ÎæwUi
Kvi‡Y cvVK wcÖq n‡qI gnvKvjxb n‡Z cv‡iwb|
GKRb wkíx †K ZvB ivm †U‡b ai‡Z nq
Av‡e‡Mi| ÕwRqj RLgÕ-G im` e¨env‡i ïb‡Z
cvB KóK‡íi c`aŸwb| Kwe KL‡bv KL‡bv Av‡eMvcøyZ
n‡jI Zuvi †eva I MfxiZv †_‡K GKwU GKwU
wniK Zz‡j G‡b †Mu‡_‡Qb gvjv| GK GKwU
wniK UzK‡iv aviY K‡i‡Q Kwei ÿb ˆg_y‡b
D‡V Avmv d¨vKv‡k nj‡`‡U cvZv, AvKv•Lv,†kvK,`ytL
Ges we¯§q| my‡i euvav hš¿ †hgb cÖwZÿv K‡i
my‡ii Rb¨, Av‡jvP¨ KweI †Zgwb GLv‡b
cÖwZÿviZ Kvw•LZ e¨`bvi Rb¨| G AwfhvÎvq
e„nr I z‡`ªi Ges iƒc I Aiƒ‡ci mÜv‡b cÖvq
AvZ¥wejv‡c gMœ wZwb| g„Zz¨‡Z e¨w³i AvZ¥we‡jvc
N‡U| ZvB †eva Kwi ÕwRqjRLgÕ-Gi Drm‡M© †`wL-Õ‡fuv
†fuv k‡ei weQvbvq/ civwRZ gvby‡liv/gvwQ
n‡q hvq...| †cÖg I fvjevmvq AvZ¥we‡jvc
N‡U mZ¡vi| Avi GiB gva¨‡g m„wó nq `y¨wZgq
AvZ¥mgvwnZ wniK| Avmyb KÕwU KweZv c‡o
wPwýZ Kwi Kwei Av‡eM-`»-djb wniK-
Õ--------------
†Vuv‡Ui †m¸b †`‡ev
Kwei f‚‡Mvj †`‡ev...
`n‡bi †`vnvB jv‡M, _v‡Kv
DRv‡bi †`‡k †b‡ev
cwÿi cvjK cv‡e
mvbwKi Ig cv‡e
bdj cÖv_©bv n‡e
Avgv‡i wek¦vm K‡iv
G gy» wecv‡K
†Zvgv‡iB †`‡ev †Mv Avwg G c~wY©gv mKvjÕ(
wRqj RLg/ïkÖƒlv)
Õ‡Zvgv‡i ïB‡q w`‡ev B½j gw›`i N‡i †i eÜz
Avi bv XzwK‡e m~Zvbjx ivBZ‡i....(
Aby‡iva)
ÕKL‡bv wK G‡mwQ‡j
`xN© `uvwo‡qwQ‡j
H a~c-‡auvqv wN‡i
A½vi wel †g‡L
†Ku‡`wQ‡j?Õ (AwbwðZ)
Õgbv, Kuvw`evi meUzKz ÿY wbqv
m~h©MZ iv‡Z
Zij wbtk¦v‡m Pvu` fvw½qv w`qv
myk³ kx‡Zi wc‡V
†M‡Qv †h Pwjqv †i......Õ(......wbVzi
Kvwjqv‡i)
KweZvi ïiæ‡Z Av‡eM D‡Øj Kwe-ÕGLv‡bB
cvwLi Qvqvi wb‡P/NÖvb wQ‡jv/wPwbP‚o
P¤úv/ iR‡ei Puv` Avi ivRv kvBj ¯^v`Õ e‡j
†k‡l wb‡R‡K †U‡b a‡ib Gfv‡e-ÕwKš‘/`y‡ai
bni Qvov/ev` evwK meB wQ‡jv †g`Õ(†Kvgj
K¼vj)| ANÖv‡bi AÜKv‡i †nu‡U hvIqv Kwei
g‡bvf‚wg kvg~KP‚o `n‡b cyo‡Z cyo‡Z hLb
Kwei gbf‚wg `xN© `uvovq, ZLb Zuv‡K Avgiv
wP‡b wbB| whwb gnvKvk‡K, evZvm‡K ïwb‡q
hvb cuvRi †Lvjvi ‡`nwjR-`nb Avjvc| ZLb
Avi Kwei `„wó w_i _v‡Kbv| AvKvk dzu‡o
P‡j gnvKv‡ki w`‡K| †m hvÎv KL‡bv ¯^w¯Í
†`q bv, †d‡j bv kxZj Qvqv| ïay Rvwb‡q
‡`q GKRb Kwei gnvhvÎv| †h Kwe g„Zz¨i
c‡iI KweZv ‰Zix Ki‡eb!
P.
k~b¨Zv, ÿq, wein, weismv Ges †ZR RM‡Z
Aw¯ÍZ¡ mÂvi K‡i| †h k~b¨Zv Avwg Ges
Avgiv enb Kwi Zv-B Ab‡šÍi Aÿq m¤¢vebv
Ges AvksKvi wPý| Kwe kvgxg AvRv` wb‡Ri
m‡½ e‡q hvIqv MnŸ‡ii wfZi KL‡bv ï‡b‡Qb
†gvnb-mvܨ euvwk, KL‡bv wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb
wb‡Ri †fZi wnsmª bL‡i KvUv `M`‡M ÿZ|
†gvnvÜ mg‡qi KivZ wKfv‡e wP‡i myeY© myi|
KZ Z¨vwM‡jI cvIqv nq bv ¯^Y©vjx †fvi, Zv
Kwe †dvUv †dvUv i‡³ Gu‡K‡Qb ÕwRqj
RLgÕ-G| Av‡jvPbv †kl Kivi Av‡M Av‡iv
KÕwU KweZv c‡o †bqv hvq|
Õi³ Zzdvb †Zvjv cvwL
†VuvU iv‡Lv NÖv‡bi Ici
bvfxg~j †_‡K †mu‡P bvI ebvÂj
nvZ †_‡K †d‡j `vI je‡½i jvj
cvwo `vI `vD `vD DVvbÕ(cv_i civM)
ÕZzwg nuv‡Uv Dˇi Avi
Avwg †h ‰bF‡Z
Rvwb‡qv Zey‡i eÜz
K‡LvbB †Kv‡bv wKwiP wQ‡jv bv
Avgvi wcwi‡Z|Õ(gay kqZvb)
Õ-------------------------
‡cÖgvµvšÍ †g‡N‡`i ‡QvUvQzwU
evqyi eyb‡b †fRv nvZ
nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv Pv‡›`i iænvbx
†iŠ`ª KPK‡P evwoNi
Avi Avwg bwo bv KÉv †_‡K G
cv---Õ(¯^cœvqb)
Õmœvq~i †cLg Ly‡j
wRqj RLg †i‡L
e‡m †h‡Z PvB w¯’i
ÿwqòz c„w_exi ˆkke †mZviÕ(m¨vwj cg&
†KBUb I kvgmyi ivngvb)
ÕZz‡j Avwb Zzlv‡ii Z‚Y
†f‡O †L‡Z PvB im RvMvwbqv
g‡bvni †gIqv
jvj jvj mwilvi `vbv
me gx_Õ(B”Qv)
Õwk_v‡b Z®‹i cvnvo Z¨v‡R ˆØZvPvi
cv_‡ii Kvj M‡j hvq cÖej gvqvq
BZ¨vKvi `ve`vn mKjB e`jvq
Pzj n‡q †gN n‡q exR n‡q Kzmy‡gi mv‡_
R¡‡j †R‡M iqÕ(ivwÎivM)
GK Uv‡b ÕwRqj RLgÕ-Gi KweZv¸‡jv cov hvq|
Kwe wPšÍvi gZ evK¨ivI wÿcÖ MwZi| ZvB
wKQz KweZv DØ„Z n‡jv| †gvU Pzqvbœ wU
KweZv G Mª‡š’ AšÍf©~³| Av‡jvP¨ KweZv ev`
w`‡q Aewkó¸‡jvI e¨vL¨vZ n‡Z cv‡i| AZGe
ÕwRqj RLgÕ wel‡q †h †Kvb mgq we¯ÍvwiZ
M`¨ †jLvi B‡”Q ivwL| G MÖ‡š’i Ab¨vb¨
KweZv¸‡jv n‡jv- ÕAbycvbÕ, ÕAkøxjÕ,
Õ‡PŠlwÆ PviæjZvÕ, ÕAwb`ªvÕ, Õg‡bvevÄvÕ,
Õg~jÕ, ÕcQ›`Õ, ÕAwaevmÕ, Õeb †cv‡o
Av‡MÕ, ÕAewkóÕ, Õw`KåvwšÍÕ, ÕbvBÕ,
ÕRj-ïkÖƒkvÕ, Õ†cvKv I cv‡LvqvRÕ,
ÕAwfjvlÕ, ÕA½ ms¯’vbÕ, ÕDcjwãÕ,
ÕwK‡kvixAvgvbKviÕ, Õmv¤cÖwZKÕ,
ÕAZmxÕ,Õ‡`nZZ¡Õ,ÕweinKYvÕ,ÕjwÛwbqvgÕ,
Ly‡`i bMiÕ, ÕR¡jšÍ el©vÕ, ÕAvksKvÕ,
ÕcÖevnÕ, ÕPjvPjÕ, ÕnZvkv,Õ Õnj‡` cvwLÕ
Ges ÕP›`ªfvl¨Õ|
Q.
†g`nxb ÕwRqj RLgÕ-Gi KweZvi kixi| evûj¨
ewR©Z eµ-ˆiwLK KvVv‡gv Kwe fvebv aviY
K‡i‡Q cÖwZwU Auv‡k| KweZvi bvgKiY n‡q
D‡V‡Q AbyK_vq cy‡ivK_v| KweZvi wk‡ivbvg
GKRb cvV‡Ki bv‡K MÜ Zz‡j †`q wg‡kj
gkjvi|
wgjUb ingvb
|
|
------------------------------------------------------
gvi“d ivqnv‡bi bZzb KweZvi eB
wcjLvbv I Ab¨vb¨ `xN©k¦vm
cÖ”Q` : aªye
Gl
GWb©
-----------------------------------------------------
Rvcvb wb‡q evOvwj M‡elK
myeªZ Kzgvi `vm
evsjv-Rvcvb m¤ú‡K©i BwZnv‡m 1916 mv‡j
Gwkqvi cÖ_g †bv‡ejRqx iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii
(1861-1941) Rvcvb ågb GK hyMvš—Kvix NUbv
hvi mvwnwZ¨K cÖKvk evOvwji mvg‡b N‡U
1919 mv‡j Rvcvb-hvÎx cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q|
iex›`ªbv‡_i Rvcvb hvÎvi c~‡e©I Rvcv‡b
evOvwji c`PviYv `yj© bq| Rvcvb-hvÎxi
c~‡e© Aš—Z wZbRb †jL‡Ki cuvPwU MÖš’
evsjv fvlvq cÖKvk †c‡qwQj|
iex›`ªbv_-cieZ©x Kv‡jI MÖš’ iPbvi †m
avivwU Ae¨vnZ| wesk kZvwãi cÂv‡ki `kK
†_‡K †hb Rvcvb wel‡q evsjvfvlx gvby‡li
bZzb AwfÁvb| †m-PP©vq evsjv fvlv I
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Rvcvb evsjv fvlvq RvcvbPP©vi BwZnv‡m
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Rvcv‡b evOvwji Ae¯’vb wel‡q cÖ_g Bw½Z
cvIqv hvq my‡ikP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi
(1882-?) Rvcvb MÖ‡š’| 1906 mv‡j †jLK
cÖvwZôvwbK wkvjv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ Rvcvb Mgb
K‡ib Ges †`‡k †divi ci Rvcvb welqK MÖš’
bv _vKvi Afve‡K c~iY Ki‡Z wb‡RB D‡`¨vMx
n‡q iPbv K‡ib Rvcvb hv 1910 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ
n‡qwQj| KjKvZvi P¨vUvwR© GÛ †Kvs †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ †m MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq my‡ikP›`ª
Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb †h 25 eQi Rvcvbevmx Bs‡iR
†jLK Av_©vi j‡qW iwPZ Everyday Japan
†_‡K wZwb mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Rvcvbx
wel‡q evsjv fvlvi mgKvjxb AwaKZi
D‡jL‡hvM¨ †jLK n‡jb gb¥_bv_ †Nvl
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DbœZ Kivi cÖqv‡m 1906 mv‡j Rvcvb hvb
h‡kvn‡ii bjWv½vi ivRv cÖgf~l‡Yi
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wZbwU MÖš’ cÖKvk cvq h_v: Rvcvb-cÖevm,
be¨Rvcvb I myß-Rvcvb| MÖš’ wZbwUB 1910
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Zv‡K`vi mv‡_ Ges wZwb ¯^vgxi †`k åg‡Y
hvb 1912 mv‡j hvi weeiY 1915 mv‡j
e½igYxi Rvcvb hvÎv bv‡g cÖKvk cvq|
MÖš’wU Rvcvb wel‡q AvMÖnx evsjvfvlx
gvbyl‡`i Kv‡Q †jwLKvi Aw¯—Z¡‡K AmvaviY
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Rvcvb ågY wel‡q AvMÖnx n‡q c‡ob| evievi
cÖwZeÜKZvi ci Zuvi AvKv•v c~Y©Zv cvq
1916 mv‡j| Rvcv‡b Kwei Dcw¯’wZ †`kwUi
Rb¨ wQj HwZnvwmK GK Aa¨vq| hw`I MMYPz¤^x
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Rvcvb ågY wb‡q wek¦Kwei evsjv MÖš’wU
cÖKvwkZ nq 1919 mv‡j| Bs‡iwR‡ZI GKwU
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_vK‡jI Zv Av‡jvi gyL †`‡L‡Q m¤cÖwZ -
2007 mv‡j| Talks in Japan wk‡ivbv‡gi
Amvgvb¨ †mMÖš’ cÖavbZ Rvcvb Ae¯’vbKv‡j
iex›`ªbv‡_i Awffvl‡Yi msKjb|
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Rvcvwb Rb©vj (1962) Ges Rvcvb (1959)
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g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ nj: cÖfvliÄb †`Õi Rvcvb
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f~wgKvq D‡jwLZ gb¥_bv_ †Nv‡li cyÎ
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e‡›`¨vcvav‡qi Rvcvb †hgb, gyn¤§` b~i“j
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fÆvPv‡h©i Rvcv‡bi AvwObvq, AwRZ Kzgvi
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nicÖmv` P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Rvcv‡bi BwZnvm
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VvKz‡ii cv_y‡iNvUv VvKzievwoi Mí MÖš’wUi
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¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k Rvcvb welqK MÖ‡š’i iPbv
axiMwZi wQj e‡j aviYv Kiv hvq| 1996 mv‡j
cÖKvwkZ Aa¨vcK gbmyi gymvi Rvcv‡bi c‡_
†m avivq GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ms‡hvRb| GQvov
2002 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj Ave`yj nvB
wkK`v‡ii wbàb wb mvMv¸| 2005 mv‡j
cÖKvwkZ Wv: Ave`ym mvËv‡ii Rvcvb †_‡K
†gw¯‹‡Kvi GKwU Ask Rvcvb wb‡q Zv
wk‡ivbvg †_‡KB ¯úó| 2007 mv‡j
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eQ‡iB wØZxq ms¯‹iY jvf K‡i‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨
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ARvbv Rvcvb| MÖš’wUi 270 c„ôvi cÖ_g LÊ
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj 2008-G Ges cÖvq GKB
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